Elevator shafts are one of the most critical and sensitive points of buildings. Since these structures are located closest to groundwater, they are constantly under the threat of water. Water seeping into the elevator shaft not only damages the mechanical and electronic components of the elevator, but also endangers the overall safety of the building. Therefore, elevator shaft waterproofing is not a necessity but a vital need. In elevator shafts that are not waterproofed, corrosion and damage caused by water can increase over time, leading to major financial losses and even life-threatening situations. In this article, we will discuss in detail the importance of elevator shaft waterproofing, how it is done and the points to be considered.
Why is Elevator Well Waterproofing Important?
Since elevator shafts are located at the lowest points of buildings, they frequently encounter the accumulation of groundwater and rainwater. This can lead to serious problems if waterproofing is not done. Water leaks can damage the electronic and mechanical parts of the elevator, causing malfunctions and even rendering it unusable. In addition, water-induced corrosion can weaken the structural integrity of the elevator shaft, posing safety risks.
Another important benefit of waterproofing is that it protects the overall health of the building. Water seeping into the elevator shaft can lead to moisture and mold growth over time. This can affect not only the elevator shaft but the entire building, leading to health problems and structural damage. Waterproofing prevents such problems and increases the value and lifetime of the building.
Which Materials are Used in Elevator Well Insulation?
The materials used in elevator shaft waterproofing may vary according to the characteristics and needs of the structure. However, some of the most commonly used and effective materials stand out. The first of these is crystallized waterproofing admixtures added into the concrete. These materials fill the cracks, abrasions and gaps in the concrete, preventing water from seeping in. At the same time, they allow concrete to breathe, prevent moisture accumulation and increase its corrosion and fire resistance. Crystallized materials offer a durable and permanent solution against water damage. They are especially preferred in areas with high groundwater levels and in new constructions.
Another commonly used material is polyurethane based insulation materials. Polyurethane protects the elevator shaft during fire thanks to its resistance to high temperatures and fire risk. It can be easily applied with its flexible and lightweight structure and is sprayed on the walls and floor of the shaft and allowed to dry. Polyurethane materials can provide sound insulation as well as waterproofing. In this way, the sounds made by the elevator during operation do not spread to other parts of the building. Polyurethane is an ideal option, especially in existing buildings and in situations where a quick solution is required.
Crystallized Waterproofing Material Crystallize is the most preferred product in elevator wells.
How to Waterproof an Elevator Well?
In elevator shaft waterproofing, waterproofing is generally applied from the negative direction. This refers to the insulation made from the inside, that is, from the inside of the elevator shaft, not from the side where the water comes from. Negative insulation is realized by building a curtain set under the floor without demolishing the well.
Here are the elevator shaft insulation stages;
Preventing Rising Water Pressure:
- First, the accumulated water is directed through hoses to a suitable location to stop active water leaks.
- Shock socket plug powder or mortar can be used to reduce water pressure.
- If there are irregularities in the concrete floor, the floor should be leveled by pouring ready-mixed concrete.
- Since the sloping floor will make insulation difficult, floor leveling is of great importance.
Surface Cleaning and Drying:
- Before starting insulation, the surface of the elevator pit should be cleaned of dirt, oil, mold and mildew.
- Polyurethane based waterproofing materials can be used for surface cleaning.
- Make sure that the surface is completely dry.
- Repair mortar can be used for cracks and abrasions.
To apply waterproofing materials:
- Cement-based crystallized insulation materials are generally recommended for elevator shaft waterproofing.
- Before applying the materials, the surface must be checked for water tightness.
- Negative directional sliding waterproofing materials are applied to the walls and surface of the elevator shaft as the first layer.
- After waiting for a while, apply the second layer of crystallized insulation.
- After the second layer dries, the top coat is applied and the insulation is completed.
Curing and Control:
- After the insulation is completed, it is recommended not to use the well for at least 2 days.
- Tests should be carried out periodically to check the effectiveness of the insulation.
- Regular maintenance and repair should be carried out to detect possible damage and insulation problems early.
Waterproofing of elevator shafts should be done by a team of experts with the right choice of materials. Regular inspection and maintenance of the insulation ensures that problems are detected and solved early. It should not be forgotten that elevator shaft waterproofing is not only a cost, but also an investment in the future.
